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Acenaphthene
CASRN 83-32-9
Contents
0442
Acenaphthene; CASRN 83-32-9
Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in IRIS only
after a comprehensive review of chronic toxicity data by U.S. EPA health
scientists from several Program Offices and the Office of Research and
Development. The summaries presented in Sections I and II represent a
consensus reached in the review process. Background information and
explanations of the methods used to derive the values given in IRIS are
provided in the Background Documents.
STATUS OF DATA FOR Acenaphthene
File On-Line 11/01/1990
Category (section) Status Last Revised
----------------------------------------- -------- ------------
Oral RfD Assessment (I.A.) on-line 04/01/1994
Inhalation RfC Assessment (I.B.) no data
Carcinogenicity Assessment (II.) no data 05/01/1993
_I. CHRONIC HEALTH HAZARD ASSESSMENTS FOR NONCARCINOGENIC EFFECTS
__I.A. REFERENCE DOSE FOR CHRONIC ORAL EXPOSURE (RfD)
Substance Name -- Acenaphthene
CASRN -- 83-32-9
Last Revised -- 04/01/1994
The oral Reference Dose (RfD) is based on the assumption that thresholds exist
for certain toxic effects such as cellular necrosis. It is expressed in units
of mg/kg-day. In general, the RfD is an estimate (with uncertainty spanning
perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily exposure to the human population
(including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable
risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. Please refer to the Background
Document for an elaboration of these concepts. RfDs can also be derived for
the noncarcinogenic health effects of substances that are also carcinogens.
Therefore, it is essential to refer to other sources of information concerning
the carcinogenicity of this substance. If the U.S. EPA has evaluated this
substance for potential human carcinogenicity, a summary of that evaluation
will be contained in Section II of this file.
___I.A.1. ORAL RfD SUMMARY
Critical Effect Experimental Doses* UF MF RfD
-------------------- ----------------------- ----- --- ----------
Hepatotoxicity NOAEL: 175 mg/kg/day 3000 1 6E-2
mg/kg/day
Mouse Oral Subchronic LOAEL: 350 mg/kg/day
Study
U.S. EPA, 1989
*Conversion Factors: None
___I.A.2. PRINCIPAL AND SUPPORTING STUDIES (ORAL RfD)
U.S. EPA. 1989. Mouse oral subchronic study with acenaphthene. Study
conducted by Hazelton Laboratories, Inc., for the Office of Solid Waste,
Washington, DC.
Four groups of CD-1 mice (20/sex/group) were gavaged daily with 0, 175, 350,
or 700 mg/kg/day acenaphthene for 90 days. The toxicological evaluations of
this study included body weight changes, food consumption, mortality, clinical
pathological evaluations (includings hematology and clinical chemistry), organ
weights and histopathological evaluations of target organs. The results of
this study indicated no treatment-related effects on survival, clinical signs,
body weight changes, total food intake, and ophthalmological alterations.
Liver weight changes accompanied by microscopic alterations (cellular
hypertrophy) were noted in both mid- and high-dose animals and seemed to be
dose-dependent. Additionally, high-dose males and mid- and high-dose females
showed significant increases in cholesterol levels. Although increased liver
weights, without accompanying microscopic alterations or increased cholesterol
levels, were also observed at the low dose, this change was considered to be
adaptive and was not considered adverse. The LOAEL is 350 mg/kg/day based on
hepatotoxicity); the NOAEL is 175 mg/kg/day.
___I.A.3. UNCERTAINTY AND MODIFYING FACTORS (ORAL RfD)
UF -- An uncertainty factor of 3000 reflects 10 each for inter- and
intraspecies variability, 10 for the use of a subchronic study for chronic RfD
derivation, and 3 for the lack of adequate data in a second species and
reproductive/developmental data.
MF -- None
___I.A.4. ADDITIONAL COMMENTS (ORAL RfD)
Reshetyuk et al. (1970) examined the comparative toxicity of acenaphthene and
acenaphthylene with respect to naphthalene. On intraperitoneal administration
in rats (species/number/sex unspecified), naphthalene was more toxic than
acenaphthene and acenaphthylene. Two LD\50? values (0.6 and 1.7 g/kg) were
reported, but it is unclear to which of the three chemicals these values
belonged. Intraperitoneal and intratracheal administration of naphthalene,
acenaphthene, and acenaphthylene produced monotypic effects in the form of
vascular disorders, and degeneration in the internal organs and central
nervous system. Inflammatory changes were also observed in the lungs; the
degree was the same for all three substances. Splenic degeneration was noted
among the unscheduled deaths in this study. Reshetyuk et al. (1970) concluded
that chronic inhalation of acenaphthene and acenaphthylene had more pronounced
toxic effects than naphthalene.
Gershbein (1975) exposed partially hepatectomized rats to 15 mg/kg
acenaphthene in the diet for 7 days. The only parameters used to assess
toxicity were body weight, absolute liver weight, and liver regeneration.
Information on histopathologic alterations and food intake is needed to
evaluate the adversity of decreased body weight gain and increased liver
weight observed in this study. Increased liver regeneration was reported.
Because of its inherent deficiencies, this study is not considered adequate
for RfD derivation.
Knobloch et al. (1969) administered 2 g/kg acenaphthene orally to rats and
mice for 32 days. Weight loss and mild histopathological alterations in the
liver and kidney were observed. It is unclear whether experimental controls
were used.
___I.A.5. CONFIDENCE IN THE ORAL RfD
Study -- Low
Data Base -- Low
RfD -- Low
Confidence in the study is low, because the observed effects were adaptive and
not considered adverse. Confidence in the data base is low because of the
lack of supporting chronic toxicity and developmental/reproductive studies.
Low confidence in the RfD follows.
___I.A.6. EPA DOCUMENTATION AND REVIEW OF THE ORAL RfD
Source Document -- This assessment is not presented in any existing U.S. EPA
document.
Other EPA Documentation -- U.S. EPA, 1980
Agency Work Group Review -- 11/15/1989
Verification Date -- 11/15/1989
___I.A.7. EPA CONTACTS (ORAL RfD)
Please contact the Risk Information Hotline for all questions concerning this
assessment or IRIS, in general, at (513)569-7254 (phone), (513)569-7159 (FAX)
or RIH.IRIS@EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV (internet address).
__I.B. REFERENCE CONCENTRATION FOR CHRONIC INHALATION EXPOSURE (RfC)
Substance Name -- Acenaphthene
CASRN -- 83-32-9
Not available at this time.
_II. CARCINOGENICITY ASSESSMENT FOR LIFETIME EXPOSURE
Substance Name -- Acenaphthene
CASRN -- 83-32-9
Not available at this time.
_VI. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Substance Name -- Acenaphthene
CASRN -- 83-32-9
Last Revised -- 11/01/1990
__VI.A. ORAL RfD REFERENCES
Gershbein, L.L. 1975. Liver regeneration as influenced by the structure of
aromatic and heterocyclic compounds. Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol.
11: 445.
Knobloch, K., S. Szendzikowski and A. Slusarczyk-Zalobona. 1969. Acute and
subacute toxicity of acenaphthene and acenaphthylene. Med. Pracy. 20:
210-222. (Pol.) (Cited in U.S. EPA, 1980)
Reshetyuk, A.L, E.I. Talakina and P.A. En'yakova. 1970. Toxicological
evaluation of acenaphthene and acenaphthylene. Gig. Tr. Prof. Zabol. 14:
46-47.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Acenaphthene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water
Regulation and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-015. NTIS
PB81-117269.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Mouse Oral Subchronic Study with Acenaphthene. Study
conducted by Hazelton Laboratories, Inc., for the Office of Solid Waste,
Washington, DC.
__VI.B. INHALATION RfC REFERENCES
None
__VI.C. CARCINOGENICITY ASSESSMENT REFERENCES
None
_VII. REVISION HISTORY
Substance Name -- Acenaphthene
CASRN -- 83-32-9
-------- -------- --------------------------------------------------------
Date Section Description
-------- -------- --------------------------------------------------------
11/01/1990 I.A. Oral RfD summary on-line
11/01/1990 VI. Bibliography on-line
01/01/1992 IV. Regulatory Action section on-line
07/01/1992 IV. Wrong information removed
05/01/1993 II. Carcinogenicity assessment under review
VIII. SYNONYMS
Substance Name -- Acenaphthene
CASRN -- 83-32-9
Last Revised -- 11/01/1990
83-32-9
Acenaphthylene, 1,2-dihydro-
Acenaphthene
HSDB 2659
Naphthyleneethylene
NSC 7657
PERI-ETHYLENENAPHTHALENE
1,2-DIHYDROACENAPHTHYLENE
1,8-ETHYLENENAPHTHALENE
Last updated: 5 May 1998
URL: http://www.epa.gov/iris/SUBST/0442.HTM
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