|
Benzaldehyde
CASRN 100-52-7
Contents
0332
Benzaldehyde; CASRN 100-52-7
Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in IRIS only
after a comprehensive review of chronic toxicity data by U.S. EPA health
scientists from several Program Offices and the Office of Research and
Development. The summaries presented in Sections I and II represent a
consensus reached in the review process. Background information and
explanations of the methods used to derive the values given in IRIS are
provided in the Background Documents.
STATUS OF DATA FOR Benzaldehyde
File On-Line 09/07/1988
Category (section) Status Last Revised
----------------------------------------- -------- ------------
Oral RfD Assessment (I.A.) on-line 09/07/1988
Inhalation RfC Assessment (I.B.) no data
Carcinogenicity Assessment (II.) no data
_I. CHRONIC HEALTH HAZARD ASSESSMENTS FOR NONCARCINOGENIC EFFECTS
__I.A. REFERENCE DOSE FOR CHRONIC ORAL EXPOSURE (RfD)
Substance Name -- Benzaldehyde
CASRN -- 100-52-7
Last Revised -- 09/07/1988
The oral Reference Dose (RfD) is based on the assumption that thresholds exist
for certain toxic effects such as cellular necrosis. It is expressed in units
of mg/kg-day. In general, the RfD is an estimate (with uncertainty spanning
perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily exposure to the human population
(including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable
risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. Please refer to the Background
Document for an elaboration of these concepts. RfDs can also be derived for
the noncarcinogenic health effects of substances that are also carcinogens.
Therefore, it is essential to refer to other sources of information concerning
the carcinogenicity of this substance. If the U.S. EPA has evaluated this
substance for potential human carcinogenicity, a summary of that evaluation
will be contained in Section II of this file.
___I.A.1. ORAL RfD SUMMARY
Critical Effect Experimental Doses* UF MF RfD
-------------------- ----------------------- ----- --- ---------
Forestomach lesions, NOEL: 200 mg/kg/day 1000 1 1E-1
kidney toxicity converted to mg/kg/day
143 mg/kg/day
Rat Oral Toxicity
Study (subchronic) LOAEL: 400 mg/kg/day
Kluwe et al., 1983
*Conversion Factors: Doses adjusted for gavage schedule of 5 days/week.
___I.A.2. PRINCIPAL AND SUPPORTING STUDIES (ORAL RfD)
Kluwe, W.M., C.A. Montgomery, H.D. Giles and J.D. Prejeau. 1983.
Encephalopathy in rats and nephropathy in rats and mice after subchronic oral
exposure to benzaldehyde. Food Chem. Toxicol. 21(3):245-250.
Kluwe et al. (1983) orally treated groups of 10 mice of each sex with 0, 75,
150, 300, 600 or 1200 mg/kg/day benzaldehyde, and groups of 10 rats of each
sex with 0, 50, 100, 200, 400 or 800 mg/kg/day benzaldehyde, 5 days/week for
13 weeks by corn oil gavage. Administration of 600 mg/kg/day in mice was
associated with renal tubular necrosis, and administration of 400 mg/kg/day to
rats resulted in forestomach hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis. Using the rat
NOEL of 200 mg/kg/day, multiplying by 5 days/7 days, and dividing by an
uncertainty factor of 1000, results in an RfD of 0.1 mg/kg/day.
___I.A.3. UNCERTAINTY AND MODIFYING FACTORS (ORAL RfD)
UF -- The UF of 1000 includes factors of 10 for extrapolation from subchronic
to chronic exposure, 10 for intraspecies extrapolation, and 10 for
consideration of sensitive human subgroups.
MF -- None
___I.A.4. ADDITIONAL COMMENTS (ORAL RfD)
Additional pertinent data regarding the chronic, subchronic or reproductive
effects of oral or inhalation exposure to benzaldehyde, were not located in
the available literature. The NTP (1986) assayed benzaldehyde in rat and
mouse 2-year oral studies, and is currently doing chronic histopathology.
___I.A.5. CONFIDENCE IN THE ORAL RfD
Study -- Medium
Data Base -- Low
RfD -- Low
Confidence in the study was medium because, although two species were studied
at five dose levels each and a NOEL and a LOAEL were defined, dosing was
subchronic. The absence of appropriate supporting studies makes confidence in
the data base low. Confidence in the RfD is low because of these limitations.
___I.A.6. EPA DOCUMENTATION AND REVIEW OF THE ORAL RfD
Source Document -- U.S. EPA, 1985
Limited peer review and extensive agency-wide review, 1985.
Other EPA Documentation -- None
Agency Work Group Review -- 10/15/1987
Verification Date -- 10/15/1987
___I.A.7. EPA CONTACTS (ORAL RfD)
Please contact the Risk Information Hotline for all questions concerning this
assessment or IRIS, in general, at (513)569-7254 (phone), (513)569-7159 (FAX)
or RIH.IRIS@EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV (internet address).
__I.B. REFERENCE CONCENTRATION FOR CHRONIC INHALATION EXPOSURE (RfC)
Substance Name -- Benzaldehyde
CASRN -- 100-52-7
Not available at this time.
_II. CARCINOGENICITY ASSESSMENT FOR LIFETIME EXPOSURE
Substance Name -- Benzaldehyde
CASRN -- 100-52-7
This substance/agent has not undergone a complete evaluation and determination
under US EPA's IRIS program for evidence of human carcinogenic potential.
_VI. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Substance Name -- Benzaldehyde
CASRN -- 100-52-7
Last Revised -- 12/01/1989
__VI.A. ORAL RfD REFERENCES
Kluwe, W.M., C.A. Montgomery, H.D. Giles and J.D. Prejeau. 1983.
Encephalopathy in rats and nephropathy in rats and mice after subchronic oral
exposure to benzaldehyde. Food Chem. Toxicol. 21(3):245-250.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Benzaldehyde. Management Status
Report. Research Triangle Park, NC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Benzaldehyde.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste,
Washington, DC.
__VI.B. INHALATION RfD REFERENCES
None
__VI.C. CARCINOGENICITY ASSESSMENT REFERENCES
None
_VII. REVISION HISTORY
Substance Name -- Benzaldehyde
CASRN -- 100-52-7
-------- -------- --------------------------------------------------------
Date Section Description
-------- -------- --------------------------------------------------------
09/07/1988 I.A. Oral RfD summary on-line
12/01/1989 VI. Bibliography on-line
01/01/1992 I.A.7. Secondary contact changed
01/01/1992 IV. Regulatory Action section on-line
VIII. SYNONYMS
Substance Name -- Benzaldehyde
CASRN -- 100-52-7
Last Revised -- 09/07/1988
100-52-7
artificial-almond-oil
Benzaldehyde
benzene-carbonal
benzoic aldehyde
Last updated: 5 May 1998
URL: http://www.epa.gov/iris/SUBST/0332.HTM
|
