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Benzidine
CASRN 92-87-5
Contents
0135
Benzidine; CASRN 92-87-5
Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in IRIS only
after a comprehensive review of chronic toxicity data by U.S. EPA health
scientists from several Program Offices and the Office of Research and
Development. The summaries presented in Sections I and II represent a
consensus reached in the review process. Background information and
explanations of the methods used to derive the values given in IRIS are
provided in the Background Documents.
STATUS OF DATA FOR Benzidine
File On-Line 03/31/1987
Category (section) Status Last Revised
----------------------------------------- -------- ------------
Oral RfD Assessment (I.A.) on-line 02/01/1995
Inhalation RfC Assessment (I.B.) message 07/01/1991
Carcinogenicity Assessment (II.) on-line 07/01/1993
_I. CHRONIC HEALTH HAZARD ASSESSMENTS FOR NONCARCINOGENIC EFFECTS
__I.A. REFERENCE DOSE FOR CHRONIC ORAL EXPOSURE (RfD)
Substance Name -- Benzidine
CASRN -- 92-87-5
Last Revised -- 02/01/1995
The oral Reference Dose (RfD) is based on the assumption that thresholds exist
for certain toxic effects such as cellular necrosis. It is expressed in units
of mg/kg-day. In general, the RfD is an estimate (with uncertainty spanning
perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily exposure to the human population
(including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable
risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. Please refer to the Background
Document for an elaboration of these concepts. RfDs can also be derived for
the noncarcinogenic health effects of substances that are also carcinogens.
Therefore, it is essential to refer to other sources of information concerning
the carcinogenicity of this substance. If the U.S. EPA has evaluated this
substance for potential human carcinogenicity, a summary of that evaluation
will be contained in Section II of this file.
___I.A.1. ORAL RfD SUMMARY
Critical Effect Experimental Doses* UF MF RfD
-------------------- ----------------------- ----- --- ---------
Brain cell NOEL: None 1000 1 3E-3
vacuolization; liver mg/kg/day
cell alterations in LOAEL: 20 ppm in drinking
females water (2.7 mg/kg/day)
Mouse Chronic Oral
Bioassay
Littlefield et al.,
1983
*Conversion Factors: Estimated by the body weight and water consumption
data provided by the investigators. The transformed animal dose was
calculated by multiplying experimental dose by ratio of molecular weight
of the free base (184.23) to the dihydrochloride (257.16).
___I.A.2. PRINCIPAL AND SUPPORTING STUDIES (ORAL RfD)
Littlefield, N.A., C.J. Nelson and C.H. Frith. 1983. Benzidine
dihydrochloride: Toxicological assessments in mice during chronic exposures.
J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 12: 671-685.
Male and female mice of two strains (monohybrids and F1 hybrids from Balb/C
males and C57B1/65 females), 72 to 120/sex/strain, were exposed to benzidine
dihydrochloride in the drinking water at 0 to 160 ppm (0 to 27.2 mg/kg/day)
for 33 months. Dose-related decreases in body weight gain and survival at all
levels were reported; most deaths were caused by tumors. Treatment-related
effects included increased incidences of liver cell alterations in females at
greater than or equal to 3.8 mg/kg/day, bile duct hyperplasia in females at
greater than or equal to 8.2 mg/kg/day and in males at 30.4 mg/kg/day,
megakaryocytosis of bone marrow in females at greater than or equal to 11.5
mg/kg/day and in males at greater than or equal to 22.8 mg/kg/day, bladder
epithelial hyperplasia in males at 30.4 mg/kg/day, atrophy of the ovary in
females at greater than or equal to 15.2 mg/kg/day, brain vacuolization in
females at greater than or equal to 3.8 mg/kg/day and males at greater than or
equal to 5.7 mg/kg/day, and hemosiderosis of the spleen at greater than or
equal to 22.8 mg/kg/day.
___I.A.3. UNCERTAINTY AND MODIFYING FACTORS (ORAL RfD)
UF -- The UF of 1000 allows for uncertainty in the extrapolation of dose
levels from laboratory animals to humans (10A), uncertainty in the threshold
for sensitive humans (10H), and uncertainty in the estimation of a NOAEL from
a LOAEL (10L).
MF -- None
___I.A.4. ADDITIONAL COMMENTS (ORAL RfD)
Budnick et al. (1984) reported no statistically significant increase in any
particular type of birth defect or in all types of birth defects in residents
in the area surrounding the Drake Superfund site in Clinton County, PA
contaminated by beta-naphthylamine, benzidine and benzene.
___I.A.5. CONFIDENCE IN THE ORAL RfD
Study -- Medium
Data Base -- Medium
RfD -- Medium
The study used adequate numbers of both sexes of two strains of mice. Several
other chronic studies support the RfD. Teratogenicity and reproductive
studies are lacking. Confidence in the study is medium and the data base and
RfD are rated medium as well.
___I.A.6. EPA DOCUMENTATION AND REVIEW OF THE ORAL RfD
Source Document -- This assessment is not presented in any existing U.S. EPA
document.
Other EPA Documentation -- None
Agency Work Group Review -- 01/22/1986, 07/16/1987
Verification Date -- 07/16/1987
___I.A.7. EPA CONTACTS (ORAL RfD)
Please contact the Risk Information Hotline for all questions concerning this
assessment or IRIS, in general, at (513)569-7254 (phone), (513)569-7159 (FAX)
or RIH.IRIS@EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV (internet address).
__I.B. REFERENCE CONCENTRATION FOR CHRONIC INHALATION EXPOSURE (RfC)
Substance Name -- Benzidine
CASRN -- 92-87-5
The health effects data for benzidine were reviewed by the U.S. EPA
RfD/RfC Work Group and determined to be inadequate for derivation of an
inhalation RfC. The verification status of this chemical is currently not
verifiable. For additional information on the health effects of this
chemical, interested parties are referred to the EPA documentation listed
below.
U.S. EPA. 1978. Review of the Environmental Effects of Pollutants. II.
Benzidine, Health Effects Research Laboratory. U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH. EPA
600/1-78-024. NTIS PB281076.
U.S. EPA. 1980a. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Benzidine.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Assessment and Criteria Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Water
Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-023. NTIS PB81-
117343.
U.S. EPA. 1980b. TSCA Chemical Assessment Series: Preliminary Risk Assessment
Phase I: Benzidine, Its Congeners, and Their Derivative Dyes and Pigments.
U.S. EPA, Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Washington, DC. EPA-
560/11-80-019.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Benzidine. Prepared by
Environmental Criterial and Assessment Office, Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC. EPA/600/8-88/019.
Agency Work Group Review -- 03/28/1991
EPA Contacts:
Please contact the Risk Information Hotline for all questions concerning this
assessment or IRIS, in general, at (513)569-7254 (phone), (513)569-7159 (FAX)
or RIH.IRIS@EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV (internet address).
_II. CARCINOGENICITY ASSESSMENT FOR LIFETIME EXPOSURE
Substance Name -- Benzidine
CASRN -- 92-87-5
Last Revised -- 07/01/1993
Section II provides information on three aspects of the carcinogenic
assessment for the substance in question; the weight-of-evidence judgment of
the likelihood that the substance is a human carcinogen, and quantitative
estimates of risk from oral exposure and from inhalation exposure. The
quantitative risk estimates are presented in three ways. The slope factor is
the result of application of a low-dose extrapolation procedure and is
presented as the risk per (mg/kg)/day. The unit risk is the quantitative
estimate in terms of either risk per ug/L drinking water or risk per ug/cu.m
air breathed. The third form in which risk is presented is a drinking water
or air concentration providing cancer risks of 1 in 10,000, 1 in 100,000 or 1
in 1,000,000. The rationale and methods used to develop the carcinogenicity
information in IRIS are described in The Risk Assessment Guidelines of 1986
(EPA/600/8-87/045) and in the IRIS Background Document. IRIS summaries
developed since the publication of EPA's more recent Proposed Guidelines for
Carcinogen Risk Assessment also utilize those Guidelines where indicated
(Federal Register 61(79):17960-18011, April 23, 1996). Users are referred to
Section I of this IRIS file for information on long-term toxic effects other
than carcinogenicity.
__II.A. EVIDENCE FOR CLASSIFICATION AS TO HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY
___II.A.1. WEIGHT-OF-EVIDENCE CLASSIFICATION
Classification -- A; human carcinogen
Basis -- Observation of increased incidence of bladder cancer and bladder
cancer-related deaths in exposed workers
___II.A.2. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA
Sufficient. Several epidemiologic and case studies have shown that
occupational exposure to benzidine results in bladder cancer. Zavon et al.
(1973) observed 11 cases of bladder cancer in 25 workers exposed to levels of
benzidine 0.005 to 17.6 mg/cu.m for a mean period of 11.46 years. A mean
total accumulated dose of 130 mg/kg was estimated from urinary benzidine
levels.
Meigs et al. (1986), in their 30-year follow-up study of a cohort of
workers at a benzidine manufacturing facility when compared with the
population of Connecticut, found a statistically significant excess incidence
of bladder cancer in male workers exposed to the highest estimated level of
benzidine (Standard Incidence Ratio = 343, observed = 8, p<0.01). No
quantification of exposure was reported. Of the eight cases of bladder
cancer, three were long-term cigarette smokers. Forni et al. (1972) reported
17 bladder cancers in a cohort of 858 benzidine dyestuff workers. The maximum
latency period was 16 years after exposure was terminated. Populations in
these two studies may have been exposed concurrently to SUBSTituted benzidines
or other compounds. Case et al. (1954) reported 10 deaths from bladder cancer
attributable to benzidine exposure only (total number of workers exposed to
benzidine not specified). Tsuchiya et al. (1975) reported 72 cases of bladder
cancer among a population of 1015 workers employed in benzidine production or
use for 23 years or less. No exposure levels were quantified. Excess
occurrence of bladder cancer in workers exposed simultaneously to benzidine
and beta-naphthylamine has been reported by a number of authors.
___II.A.3. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA
Benzidine has been shown to produce various tumor types at multiple sites
in animal species exposed by several routes. For example, dogs fed benzidine
in capsules for 5 years developed bladder tumors after a relatively long
latency period (Spitz et al., 1950). Lymphomas, hepatomas and adenocarcinomas
were observed in mice (strain not specified) treated by s.c. injection (Bonser
et al., 1956; Prokof'eva, 1971). Benzidine given by gavage in sesame oil
produced increased incidence of mammary tumors in Sprague-Dawley rats
(Griswold et al., 1968). Rats exposed by inhalation developed myeloid
leukemia (Zabehinskii, 1970). Benzidine dihydrochloride has also been shown
to produce tumors when administered by gavage or in the diet or water.
___II.A.4. SUPPORTING DATA FOR CARCINOGENICITY
Benzidine is mutagenic for Salmonella typhimurium upon addition of an
exogenous metabolic system as well as for mouse lymphoma cells, but not for
yeast (Waters et al., 1983; Oberly et al., 1984; Kada, 1981). Results of DNA
damage assays are generally positive (Ashby and Kilbey, 1981; Parodi et al.,
1981). In vivo treatment with benzidine has resulted in sister chromatid
exchange and micronucleus formation (Parodi, 1983; Katz et al., 1981).
Benzidine in the presence of rat liver homogenates transformed BHK21 Cl-13
cells and Syrian hamster embryo cells (Ashby et al., 1978; Pienta, 1980).
__II.B. QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATE OF CARCINOGENIC RISK FROM ORAL EXPOSURE
___II.B.1. SUMMARY OF RISK ESTIMATES
Oral Slope Factor -- 2.3E+2 per mg/kg-day
Drinking Water Unit Risk -- 6.7E-3 per ug/L
Extrapolation Method -- One-hit with time factor, extra risk
Drinking Water Concentrations at Specified Risk Levels:
Risk Level Concentration
-------------------- -------------
E-4 (1 in 10,000) 2E-2 ug/L
E-5 (1 in 100,000) 2E-3 ug/L
E-6 (1 in 1,000,000) 2E-4 ug/L
___II.B.2. DOSE-RESPONSE DATA FOR CARCINOGENICITY, ORAL EXPOSURE
The oral risk estimates were calculated from the inhalation exposure data
in Section II.C.2.
___II.B.3. ADDITIONAL COMMENTS (CARCINOGENICITY, ORAL EXPOSURE)
The unit risk should not be used if the water concentration exceeds 2
ug/L, since above this concentration the slope factor may differ from that
stated.
___II.B.4. DISCUSSION OF CONFIDENCE (CARCINOGENICITY, ORAL EXPOSURE)
See II.C.2.
__II.C. QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATE OF CARCINOGENIC RISK FROM INHALATION EXPOSURE
___II.C.1. SUMMARY OF RISK ESTIMATES
Inhalation Unit Risk -- 6.7E-2 per ug/cu.m
Extrapolation Method -- One-hit with time factor, extra risk
Air Concentrations at Specified Risk Levels:
Risk Level Concentration
-------------------- ---------------
E-4 (1 in 10,000) 2E-3 ug/cu.m
E-5 (1 in 100,000) 2E-4 ug/cu.m
E-6 (1 in 1,000,000) 2E-5 ug/cu.m
___II.C.2. DOSE-RESPONSE DATA (CARCINOGENICITY, INHALATION EXPOSURE)
Species/Strain Dose Tumor Reference
Tumor Type Administered Human Equivalent Incidence
Human, bladder Route: Occupational exposure Zavon,
tumors (inhalation) 1973
An inhalation slope factor of 2.3E+2 per mg/kg-day was calculated.
The slope factor (B) was calculated using the model
P = 1-exp [-Bdt **3]
or
B = [-ln (1-13/25)] / [0.0063 x (56.5/71.3) **3] = 234.13 per mg/kg-day
where:
13/25 = observed bladder tumor incidence
0.0063 mg/kg/day = daily lifetime exposure calculated from a mean
urine benzidine level of 0.04 mg/L at the end of
workshift, 1.2 L/day average urine output, a 1.45%
recovery factor in urine, 70 kg bw, 240 work days/
year, 11.46 average exposure duration, and 56.5
years average cohort age at the end of the study
71.3 years = average life span in U.S.
___II.C.3. ADDITIONAL COMMENTS (CARCINOGENICITY, INHALATION EXPOSURE)
Of 13 cases of bladder tumors, 11 men had bladder cancers while 2 men had
benign papillomas. The mean exposure was 13.61 years and the average age at
the end of a 13-year exposure was 57 years. The 12 men who did not develop
bladder tumors had a mean exposure of 8.91 years and an average age of 56.
The unit risk should not be used if the air concentration exceeds 2E-1
ug/cu.m, since above this concentration the slope factor may differ from that
stated.
___II.C.4. DISCUSSION OF CONFIDENCE (CARCINOGENICITY, INHALATION EXPOSURE)
The cohort was very small, and the incidence of bladder cancer observed
was 44% (11/25). The quantitative risk estimate included two benign tumors in
the incidence rate (13/25). The incidence rate was calculated for the total
cohort, which included whites as well as nonwhites. Out of the 25 workers,
nine had multiple exposures to other potential bladder carcinogens such as
beta-naphthylamine and dichlorobenzidine. The smoking history for the cohort
was not available. It should be noted that bladder cancer is twice as common
in whites as in nonwhites.
The 1.45% recovery factor (Rinde and Troll, 1975) in urine is based on a
study of monkeys. Because of methodological problems and differences in
exposures between monkeys and humans exposed in occupational settings, this
factor may change significantly.
__II.D. EPA DOCUMENTATION, REVIEW, AND CONTACTS (CARCINOGENICITY ASSESSMENT)
___II.D.1. EPA DOCUMENTATION
Source Document -- U.S. EPA, 1980, 1986
The 1980 Ambient Water Quality Criteria document has received Agency and
peer review. The 1986 Health and Environmental Effects Profile received
OHEA review.
___II.D.2. REVIEW (CARCINOGENICITY ASSESSMENT)
Agency Work Group Review -- 12/17/1986
Verification Date -- 12/17/1986
___II.D.3. U.S. EPA CONTACTS (CARCINOGENICITY ASSESSMENT)
Please contact the Risk Information Hotline for all questions concerning this
assessment or IRIS, in general, at (513)569-7254 (phone), (513)569-7159 (FAX)
or RIH.IRIS@EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV (internet address).
_VI. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Substance Name -- Benzidine
CASRN -- 92-87-5
Last Revised -- 07/01/1991
__VI.A. ORAL RfD REFERENCES
Budnick, L.D., J.N. Logue, D.C. Sokal, J.M. Fox and H. Falk. 1984. Cancer
and birth defects near the Drake Superfund site, Pennsylvannia. Arch.
Environ. Health. 39(6): 409-413.
Littlefield, N.A., C.J. Nelson and C.H. Frith. 1983. Benzidine dihydro-
chloride: Toxicological assessments in mice during chronic exposures. J.
Toxicol. Environ. Health. 12: 671-685.
__VI.B. INHALATION RfD REFERENCES
U.S. EPA. 1978. Review of the Environmental Effects of Pollutants. II.
Benzidine, Health Effects Research Laboratory. U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH. EPA
600/1-78-024. NTIS PB281076.
U.S. EPA. 1980a. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Benzidine.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Assessment and Criteria Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Water
Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-023. NTIS PB81-
117343.
U.S. EPA. 1980b. TSCA Chemical Assessment Series: Preliminary Risk Assessment
Phase I: Benzidine, Its Congeners, and Their Derivative Dyes and Pigments.
U.S. EPA, Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Washington, DC. EPA-
560/11-80-019.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Benzidine. Prepared by
Environmental Criterial and Assessment Office, Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC. EPA/600/8-88/019.
__VI.C. CARCINOGENICITY ASSESSMENT REFERENCES
Ashby, J. and B. Kilbey. 1981. Summary report on the performance of
bacterial repair, phage induction, degranulation, and nuclear enlargement
assays. Prog. Mutat. Res. 1: 33-48.
Ashby, J., J.A. Styles and D. Paton. 1978. In vitro evaluation of some
derivatives of the carcinogen butter yellow: Implications for environmental
screening. Br. J. Cancer. 38: 34-50.
Bonser, G.M., D.B. Clayson and J.W. Jull. 1956. Induction of tumors of the
subcutaneous tissues, liver and intestine in the mouse by certain dyestuffs
and their intermediates. Br. J. Cancer. 10: 653-667.
Case, R.A., M.E. Hosker, D.B. McDonald and J.T. Pearson. 1954. Tumors of the
urinary bladder in workmen engaged in the manufacture and use of certain
dyestuff intermediates in the British Chemical industry. Br. J. Ind. Med.
11: 75-104.
Forni, A., G. Ghetti, G. Armeli. 1972. Urinary cytology in workers exposed
to carcinogenic aromatic amines: A six year study. Acta Cytol. 16: 142.
Griswold, D.P., Jr., A.E. Casey, E.K. Weisburger and J.H. Weisburger. 1968.
The carcinogenicity of multiple intragastric doses of aromatic and
heterocyclic nitro or amino derivatives in young female Sprague-Dawley rats.
Cancer Res. 28(5): 924-933.
Kada, T. 1981. The DNA-damaging activity of 42 coded compounds in the rec-
assay. Prog. Mutat. Res. 1: 175-182.
Katz, M., J.A. Heddle and M.F. Salamone. 1981. Muatgenic activity of
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other environmental pollutants. Chem.
Anal. Biol. Fate. 5: 519-528.
Meigs, J.W., L.D. Marret, F.U. Ulrich and J.T. Flannery. 1986. Bladder tumor
incidence among workers exposed to benzidine: A 30-year follow-up. J. Natl.
Cancer Inst. 76: 1-8.
Oberly, T.J., B.J. Bewsey and G.S. Probst. 1984. An evaluation of the
L5178YTA+\- mouse lymphoma forward mutation assay using 42 chemicals. Mureav.
Mutat. Res. 125: 291.
Parodi, S.M., A. Zunino, L. Ottaggio, M. De Ferrari and L. Santi. 1983. Lack
of correlation between the capability of inducing sister-chromatid exchanges
in vivo and carcinogenic potency, for 16 aromatic amines and azo derivatives.
Mutat. Res. 108: 225-238.
Parodi, S.M. Taningher, P. Russo, M. Pala, M. Tamoro and C.Monti-Bragadin.
1981. DNA-damaging activity in vivo and bacterial mutagenicity of sixteen
aromatic amines and azo-derivatives, as related quantitatively to their
carcinogenicity. Carcinogenesis. 2: 1317-1326.
Pienta, R.J. 1980. Transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells by diverse
chemicals and correlation with their reported carcinogenic and mutagenic
activities. Chem. Mutagen. Principles and Methods for Their Detection. 6:
175-202.
Prokof'eva, O.G. 1971. Induction of hepatic tumors in mice by benzidine.
Vop. Onkol. 17(5): 61-64. (CA 77: 4296n)
Rinde, E. and W. Troll. 1975. Metabolic reduction of benzidine azo dyes to
benzidine in the rhesus monkey. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 55: 181-182.
Spitz, S., W.H. Maguigan and M.D. Dobner. 1950. The carcinogenic action of
benzidine. Cancer. 3: 789-804.
Tsuchiya, K., T. Okubo and S. Ishizo. 1975. An epidemiological study of
occupational bladder tumors in the dye industry in the industry of Japan. Br.
J. Ind. Med. 32: 203-209.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Benzidine.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the office of Water
Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. NTIS PB 81-117343.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Benzidine.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Waters, M.O., N.E. Garrett, C.M. Covone-DeSerres, B.E. Howard and H. Stack.
1983. Genetic toxicology of some known or suspected human carcinogens. Chem.
Mutagens. 8: 261-341.
Zabezhinskii, M.A. 1970. Effectiveness of inhalation as a method of
administration ofatomized carcinogens. Translated from Byulleten'
Ekserimental' noi Biologii i Meditsiny. 69(1): 72-74. (Eng. trans.)
Zavon, M.R. 1973. Benzidine exposure as a cause of bladder tumors. Arch.
Environ. Health. 27: 1-7.
_VII. REVISION HISTORY
Substance Name -- Benzidine
CASRN -- 92-87-5
-------- -------- --------------------------------------------------------
Date Section Description
-------- -------- --------------------------------------------------------
03/01/1988 II.B.4. Confidence statement revised
03/01/1988 II.C.4. Confidence statement revised
03/01/1988 II.D.3. Contacts switched
09/07/1988 I.A. Oral RfD summary on-line
01/01/1989 I.A.1. LOAEL and RfD corrected
01/01/1989 I.A.2. Dose levels corrected
01/01/1990 I.A.2. Clarify text
01/01/1990 II.A.2. Corrected Zavon et al. (1973) to Zavon (1973)
01/01/1990 II.A.4. Corrected Parodi, 1983 to Parodi et al., 1983
01/01/1990 VI. Bibliography on-line
05/01/1991 I.B. Inhalation RfC now under review
07/01/1991 I.B. Inhalation RfC message on-line
07/01/1991 VI.B. Inhalation RfC references added
01/01/1992 I.A.7. Secondary contact changed
01/01/1992 IV. Regulatory actions updated
07/01/1993 II.D.1. Zavon, 1973 reference removed from EPA Documentation
02/01/1995 I.A.7. Secondary contact's name changed
VIII. SYNONYMS
Substance Name -- Benzidine
CASRN -- 92-87-5
Last Revised -- 03/31/1987
92-87-5
BENZIDIN
BENZIDINA
Benzidine
BENZYDYNA
4,4'-BIANILINE
p,p'-BIANILINE
(1,1'-BIPHENYL)-4,4'-DIAMINE
4,4'-BIPHENYLDIAMINE
BIPHENYL, 4,4'-DIAMINO-
4,4'-BIPHENYLENEDIAMINE
C.I. 37225
C.I. AZOIC DIAZO COMPONENT 112
4,4'-DIAMINOBIPHENYL
4,4'-DIAMINO-1,1'-BIPHENYL
p,p'-DIAMINOBIPHENYL
4,4'-DIAMINODIPHENYL
p-DIAMINODIPHENYL
p,p'-DIANILINE
4,4'-DIPHENYLENEDIAMINE
FAST CORINTH BASE B
NCI-C03361
RCRA WASTE NUMBER U021
UN 1885
Last updated: 5 May 1998
URL: http://www.epa.gov/iris/SUBST/0135.HTM
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