A commercial Haberland-type cluster source (Nanogen-50, Mantis Deposition Ltd., Oxfordshire, UK) is employed for PbS gaseous cluster formation. This source produced gaseous lead species by magnetron sputtering of a metallic lead target. The lead vapor is reacted with hydrogen sulfide gas to form lead sulfide vapor which travels through a cooled aggregation zone under a flow of helium gas, leading to cluster condensation in vacuum. The clusters exited the source to be co-deposited with an organic oligomer emitted from a heated organic doser. The deposition rates of the neutral organic layer and nanocrystals are monitored
in situ by quartz crystal microbalance and other methods. This instrument is additionally equipped with an ion source for surface polymerization by ion-assisted deposition (SPIAD) and a load lock for sample transfer.